Schema for RepeatMasker - Repeating Elements by RepeatMasker
  Database: rn6    Primary Table: rmsk    Row Count: 5,199,854   Data last updated: 2014-07-09
Format description: RepeatMasker .out record
On download server: MariaDB table dump directory
fieldexampleSQL type description
bin 585smallint(5) unsigned Indexing field to speed chromosome range queries.
swScore 32int(10) unsigned Smith Waterman alignment score
milliDiv 121int(10) unsigned Base mismatches in parts per thousand
milliDel 48int(10) unsigned Bases deleted in parts per thousand
milliIns 0int(10) unsigned Bases inserted in parts per thousand
genoName chr1varchar(255) Genomic sequence name
genoStart 470int(10) unsigned Start in genomic sequence
genoEnd 533int(10) unsigned End in genomic sequence
genoLeft -282762541int(11) -#bases after match in genomic sequence
strand +char(1) Relative orientation + or -
repName (ATAC)nvarchar(255) Name of repeat
repClass Simple_repeatvarchar(255) Class of repeat
repFamily Simple_repeatvarchar(255) Family of repeat
repStart 1int(11) Start (if strand is +) or -#bases after match (if strand is -) in repeat sequence
repEnd 66int(11) End in repeat sequence
repLeft 0int(11) -#bases after match (if strand is +) or start (if strand is -) in repeat sequence
id 1char(1) First digit of id field in RepeatMasker .out file. Best ignored.

Sample Rows
 
binswScoremilliDivmilliDelmilliInsgenoNamegenoStartgenoEndgenoLeftstrandrepNamerepClassrepFamilyrepStartrepEndrepLeftid
58532121480chr1470533-282762541+(ATAC)nSimple_repeatSimple_repeat16601
5855881906027chr1716862-282762212+RMER10BLTRERVL197347-512
5856273037248chr120982452-282760622-MTDLTRERVL-MaLR-5436533
5851519600chr129012936-282760138+(CTTC)nSimple_repeatSimple_repeat13504
58526000chr132263251-282759823+(TGTC)nSimple_repeatSimple_repeat12505
585131482449chr132513288-282759786+(ATCAC)nSimple_repeatSimple_repeat54006
5852552750chr134993539-282759535+(AC)nSimple_repeatSimple_repeat14307
58546351616chr135383599-282759475+(AG)nSimple_repeatSimple_repeat16108
58510962137954chr136014047-282759027+RLTR20B1LTRERVK1458-1059
5855253147352chr144795359-282757715+Lx2LINEL160876996-11

Note: all start coordinates in our database are 0-based, not 1-based. See explanation here.

RepeatMasker (rmsk) Track Description
 

Description

This track was created by using Arian Smit's RepeatMasker program, which screens DNA sequences for interspersed repeats and low complexity DNA sequences. The program outputs a detailed annotation of the repeats that are present in the query sequence (represented by this track), as well as a modified version of the query sequence in which all the annotated repeats have been masked (generally available on the Downloads page). RepeatMasker uses the Repbase Update library of repeats from the Genetic Information Research Institute (GIRI). Repbase Update is described in Jurka (2000) in the References section below. Some newer assemblies have been made with Dfam, not Repbase. You can find the details for how we make our database data here in our "makeDb/doc/" directory.

Display Conventions and Configuration

In full display mode, this track displays up to ten different classes of repeats:

  • Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINE), which include ALUs
  • Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE)
  • Long terminal repeat elements (LTR), which include retroposons
  • DNA repeat elements (DNA)
  • Simple repeats (micro-satellites)
  • Low complexity repeats
  • Satellite repeats
  • RNA repeats (including RNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA, scRNA, srpRNA)
  • Other repeats, which includes class RC (Rolling Circle)
  • Unknown

The level of color shading in the graphical display reflects the amount of base mismatch, base deletion, and base insertion associated with a repeat element. The higher the combined number of these, the lighter the shading.

A "?" at the end of the "Family" or "Class" (for example, DNA?) signifies that the curator was unsure of the classification. At some point in the future, either the "?" will be removed or the classification will be changed.

Methods

Data are generated using the RepeatMasker -s flag. Additional flags may be used for certain organisms. Repeats are soft-masked. Alignments may extend through repeats, but are not permitted to initiate in them. See the FAQ for more information.

Credits

Thanks to Arian Smit, Robert Hubley and GIRI for providing the tools and repeat libraries used to generate this track.

References

Smit AFA, Hubley R, Green P. RepeatMasker Open-3.0. http://www.repeatmasker.org. 1996-2010.

Repbase Update is described in:

Jurka J. Repbase Update: a database and an electronic journal of repetitive elements. Trends Genet. 2000 Sep;16(9):418-420. PMID: 10973072

For a discussion of repeats in mammalian genomes, see:

Smit AF. Interspersed repeats and other mementos of transposable elements in mammalian genomes. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1999 Dec;9(6):657-63. PMID: 10607616

Smit AF. The origin of interspersed repeats in the human genome. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1996 Dec;6(6):743-8. PMID: 8994846