◀ Back to TNF

CSF2 — TNF

Pathways - manually collected, often from reviews:

• OpenBEL Selventa BEL large corpus: CSF2 → TNF (increases) Newton et al., J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007*
  Evidence: Similar levels of RANTES and MCP-1 release were induced by IL-1 and TNF treatments. However, the induction of IL-6, IL-8, and GMCSF by TNF was 50 to 80% lower than for IL-1, whereas TNF-induced GRO was some 35- to 40-fold lower than that for IL-1. In all instances, preincubation with PS-1145 or ML120B resulted in a significant attenuation of cytokine release (Fig. 6).
• OpenBEL Selventa BEL large corpus: CSF2 → TNF (increases) Reibman et al., J Immunol 2000*
  Evidence: As shown in Fig. 1a, stimulation of HBECs with TNF-a elicited a dose-dependent increase in GM-CSF production
• OpenBEL Selventa BEL large corpus: CSF2 → TNF (increases) Reibman et al., J Immunol 2000*
  Evidence: Exposure of BEAS-2B to either TNF-a (0.3 mM) or IL-1 (0.6 mM) resulted in a roughly 2-fold increase in GM-CSF above the unstimulated control value (223 6 11 and 148 6 20% above unstimulated control, respectively; n 5 3; p , 0.05).
• OpenBEL Selventa BEL large corpus: CSF2 → TNF (increases)
  Evidence: TNF- treatment signifi- cantly increased IL-8 andGM-CSF protein expression (Fig 1C).
• OpenBEL Selventa BEL large corpus: CSF2 → TNF (increases)
  Evidence: RA synoviocytes were incubated for 48 hours in the presence of TNF-Alpha(100ng/ml). TNF-Alpha induced GM-CSF production.

Text-mined interactions from Literome

Isaacs et al., J Cell Physiol 1999 : Role of NFkappaB in the regulation of macrophage colony stimulating factor by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in ST2 bone stromal cells
Heyninck et al., J Cell Biol 1999 : We show that A20 does not inhibit TNF- induced nuclear translocation and DNA binding of NF-kappaB, although it completely prevents the TNF- induced activation of an NF-kappaB dependent reporter gene, as well as TNF induced IL-6 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor gene expression
Daffern et al., Allergy Asthma Proc 1999 : GM-CSF transcripts, but not the other cytokines, were present in unstimulated epithelial cells, and levels were increased with TNF-alpha stimulation ... TNF-alpha stimulation increased the levels of GM-CSF and PGE2 in epithelial cell supernatants and dexamethasone suppressed the TNF-alpha induced increases
Gracie et al., J Clin Invest 1999 (Arthritis, Experimental...) : IL-18 independently promoted GM-CSF and nitric oxide production, and it induced significant TNF-alpha synthesis by CD14 ( + ) macrophages in synovial cultures ; the latter effect was potentiated by IL-12 or IL-15
Williams et al., Leuk Res 2000 (Leukemia) : Neither GM-CSF or IL-3 increased the expression or secretion of TNF receptor p55 (TNF-Rp55) , although both agents increased expression of TNF receptor p75 (TNF-Rp75)
Leong et al., Int J Exp Pathol 2000 (Reperfusion Injury) : These findings suggest that the protective effect of r-metHuG-CSF may be mediated by the attenuated release of TNFalpha and indicate that the level of neutrophils in either blood or injured tissue does not influence significantly the viability of rat muscle after IR injury
Seppänen et al., Eur J Endocrinol 2000 (Cystadenocarcinoma...) : Similarly, GM-CSF induced a slight inhibition ( P < 0.05 ), whereas TGF-beta1 and TNF-alpha almost blocked DNA synthesis ( P < 0.001 ) after 72h
Okuma et al., Leukemia 2000 : Both GM-CSF and TNF induced caspase 3-like activity in this cell line though the time course was distinct between two cytokines, and combined stimulation of cells with GM-CSF plus TNF induced additive or synergistic activation of caspase 3-like activity
Carraway et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000 (Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis) : Mean TNF-alpha release by AM in response to GM-CSF was higher in control subjects than in PAP patients due to a low response in three patients
Jagels et al., Immunopharmacology 2000 : TNF-alpha induced expression of both IL-8 and GM-CSF , without detectable production of RANTES
Penning et al., Cytokine 2000 : TNF induced GM-CSF release in PC60 R55/R75 cells was enhanced by nigericin or ouabain
Reibman et al., J Immunol 2000 : TNF-alpha , IL-1beta, and PMA induced the release of GM-CSF in HBECs ... PMA induced GM-CSF production in HBECs did not require a Ca2+ ionophore and was not inhibited by cyclosporin A. Activation of MAPKerk1/2 via PKC was associated with and was required for GM-CSF production induced by PMA and TNF-alpha
Yamagishi et al., Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 2000 (Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial) : [ IL-1 and TNF-alpha mediated regulation of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF release from cultured nasal epithelial cells ]
Quentmeier et al., Exp Hematol 2000 (Leukemia, Myeloid) : Supporting this notion, TNF-alpha induced upregulation of GM-CSF mRNA levels and protein secretion in the TNF-alpha-proliferative, but not in the TNF-alpha-apoptotic cell lines
Matsumoto et al., FEBS Lett 2000 : Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow cells in the presence of macrophage colony stimulating factor
Riopel et al., Infect Immun 2001 (Anemia...) : GM-CSF may also regulate IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production and activity in response to infection
Wollin et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001 (Neutropenia) : COX-2 inhibition or blocking of the TX receptor abolished the GM-CSF/LPS induced bronchoconstriction, but not the TNF release
Kamińska et al., Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2001 (Burkitt Lymphoma) : rHuGM-CSF added to cell cultures 24 h before induction significantly enhanced the production of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in controls, but only IL-1alpha and IL-1beta in the blood cell cultures of patients with ALL
Ji et al., Acta Pharmacol Sin 2000 : The rhM-CSF promoted TNF-alpha , IL-6, and IL-8 inductions of monocytes and increased the percentages of CD11b, CD16, HLA I, and HLA II molecule expression on monocytes
Wang et al., Space Med Med Eng (Beijing) 1997 : Effect of simulated weightlessness on TNF-alpha production and the response of bone marrow cells to GM-CSF in rats
Quintero et al., J Rheumatol 2001 : The [ 125I ] -GM-CSF binding to the cells was slightly increased with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate ( PMA ), insulin-like growth factor-I, platelet derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha , and decreased with pertussis toxin, cholera toxin, and interleukin-1beta
Carrasco et al., Immunology 2001 : Bone marrow haematopoietic cell derived DC ( BM-DC ) were generated using granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) in the presence or absence of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)
Hartwig et al., J Interferon Cytokine Res 2001 : TNF-alpha induced GM-CSF production was also reduced
Bolacchi et al., Cytokine 2001 : Here we show that CD40L ( ligand for CD40 ) failed to induce the production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) , interleukin (IL-)-1 beta, IL-10 and IL-12 in macrophages matured in vitro in the absence of growth factors or in the presence of macrophage colony stimulating factor ( M-CSF )
Dame et al., Eur Cytokine Netw 2002 : The effect of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) production by neuronal precursor cells ... To determine whether granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) production by neuronal precursor ( NT2 ) cells can be regulated by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha ... The effect of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha on GM-CSF production was assessed by dose response ( 0 to 2,000 U/ml ), and time course ( 0 to 48 hours incubation ) experiments ... TNF-alpha increased GM-CSF mRNA expression to a lesser extent than did IL-1beta ( maximal stimulation at 200 U/ml ), and a minimal increase in net protein accumulation was noted ... IL-1beta and TNF-alpha both increase GM-CSF mRNA expression by NT2 cells, but only IL-1beta increases net GM-CSF protein accumulation
Boneberg et al., Eur J Immunol 2002 : In the presence of granulocyte colony stimulating factor ( G-CSF ), the release of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha by LPS stimulated human whole blood was suppressed ... For TNF-alpha another mechanism of G-CSF action was identified : TNF-alpha as well as proTNF-alpha formation were inhibited by G-CSF , butG-CSF had no influence on LPS induced TNF-alpha mRNA level
Kamberi et al., Cytokine 2002 : Although GM-CSF did not enhance IL-1 or TNF production by BAM+conidia, GM-CSF significantly antagonized DEX suppression of IL-1 cytokine production ... In contrast to the findings with conidia, GM-CSF enhanced the production of IL-1 ( 5-fold ) and TNF ( 1.5-fold ) by LPS treated BAM
Bozinovski et al., J Biol Chem 2002 (MAP Kinase Signaling System) : We investigated the role of Akt and Erk1/2 as LPS intensely stimulates granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) release, and neutralizing GM-CSF profoundly suppressed LPS induced inflammation, suppressed expression and activity of lung proteases, significantly reduced GM-CSF and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) mRNA expression, and dampened nuclear localization of both NFkappaB ( p50/65 ) and AP-1
Quentmeier et al., Leuk Res 2003 (MAP Kinase Signaling System) : We have shown recently that these seemingly contradictory effects are based on the divergent capacities of the cells to produce granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) upon stimulation with TNF
Nakata et al., Cancer Sci 2003 (Disease Progression...) : Inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-1beta stimulated the expression of G-CSF, GM-CSF , and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in the two cell lines
Fitzgerald et al., J Interferon Cytokine Res 2003 : GM-CSF induction in human lung fibroblasts by IL-1beta, TNF-alpha , and macrophage contact ... Both IL-1beta and TNF-alpha significantly enhanced the production of GM-CSF by NHLF
Oltmanns et al., Exp Lung Res 2003 (Pneumonia...) : Stimulation with TNF-alpha or IL-1beta increased the MIP-1alpha and GM-CSF release from AM of normal controls and patients with pneumonia and interstitial lung disease : however, no further enhancement of MIP-1alpha and GM-CSF production was observed in AM from sarcoidosis patients
Zoellner et al., Blood 1992 : Human arterial smooth muscle cells synthesize granulocyte colony stimulating factor in response to interleukin-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Sallerfors et al., Eur J Haematol 1992 : IL-3 induced a minor secretion of GM-CSF whereas TNF , G-CSF, M-CSF and IFN-gamma were unable to induce GM-CSF secretion
Ronda et al., Clin Exp Immunol 2003 (Arteriosclerosis) : IgG prevented TNFalpha induced CD106 membrane expression and an increase in [ Ca++]i, and inhibited the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and macrophage-colony stimulating factor ( M-CSF )
Zhou et al., J Biol Chem 2003 : IFNgamma induced MMP-1 in the presence of GM-CSF through the stimulation of TNFalpha production through a mechanism involving both p38 and ERK1/2 MAPKs, in which GM-CSF stimulated ERK1/2 whereas IFNgamma activated p38
Vandenabeele et al., J Exp Med 1992 : The TNF mediated induction of granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor was strongly synergized by the addition of interleukin 1
Lorré et al., Eur Cytokine Netw 1992 : IL-4, IL-6, GM-CSF and IFN-gamma had no effect on TNF-alpha production by T cells activated via either pathway
Kerner et al., Exp Hematol 1992 : Dexamethasone inhibits tumor necrosis factor induced granulocyte colony stimulating factor production in human endothelial cells ... Dexamethasone ( 10 ( -5 ) -10 ( -7 ) M ) is able to suppress the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced production of granulocyte colony stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVEC )
Flohé et al., Crit Care Med 2003 (Wounds and Injuries) : In the sepsis/multiple organ failure group, GM-CSF also enhanced HLA-DR expression and TNF alpha production, although the levels of the volunteers ' blood were not reached
Yamasawa et al., Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2004 : Erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, and dexamethasone inhibited TNF-alpha induced GM-CSF expression in A549 cells at both the protein and messenger RNA levels
Nishiki et al., Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2004 (MAP Kinase Signaling System) : LPS induced TNF-alpha production was inhibited by granulocyte colony stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) and interleukin (IL)-10 ... These findings suggest that G-CSF , like IL-10, inhibits LPS induced TNF-alpha production in human monocytes through selective activation of STAT3, and the immunomodulation observed in vivo by G-CSF administration may be partly ascribed to the direct effect of G-CSF on monocyte functions
Nishina et al., Transplantation 2004 : Macrophage colony stimulating factor inhibits tumor necrosis factor production and prolongs skin graft survival ... We examined the effect of macrophage colony stimulating factor ( M-CSF ) on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in a Bacille de Calmette Guérin-lipopolysaccharide challenged mouse model
Gorny et al., Exp Cell Res 2004 : IL-6, LIF, and TNF-alpha regulation of GM-CSF inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in vitro
Sasaki et al., Inflamm Res 2004 : KF19514, a phosphodiesterase 4 and 1 inhibitor, inhibits TNF-alpha induced GM-CSF production by a human bronchial epithelial cell line via inhibition of PDE4 ... These results indicate that KF19514 and PDE4 inhibitors reduce TNF-alpha induced GM-CSF production of BEAS-2B cells via a cAMP dependent pathway
Carter et al., Am J Hematol 1992 (Blast Crisis...) : Thus, in these cases, constitutively produced IL-1 or TNF-alpha had stimulated the synthesis of GM-CSF , which resulted in GM-CSF dependent proliferation of AML blasts
Carryn et al., J Infect Dis 2004 (Listeriosis) : GM-CSF stimulates the release of TNF-alpha and the expression of iNOS
Kirman et al., Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004 (Crohn Disease) : Infliximab related down-regulation of TNF-alpha induced GM-CSF expression may be one of the mechanisms by which this drug increases the rate of apoptosis in T cells
Matthews et al., J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004 : Glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation was determined in PBMCs by immunocytochemistry and GR function measured by suppression of TNF-alpha induced GM-CSF release and effects of dexamethasone on histone acetylation ... Glucocorticoid repression of TNF-alpha induced GM-CSF release was reduced in PBMCs from SD and SR patients
Shi et al., Cell Biochem Biophys 2004 (Atherosclerosis) : We observed constitutive expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in both human and baboon endothelial cells, and these cytokines were further induced by TNF-alpha and LPS
Ananth et al., Indian J Exp Biol 2003 (Malaria, Falciparum...) : Given the stimulatory effect of the ligand GM-CSF on the synthesis and release of the pyrogenic cytokine TNF alpha , the present study has been undertaken to investigate a possible role of GMCSF receptor in the pathogenesis of both Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Oktem et al., Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 2004 (Carcinoma...) : The effect of recombinant GM-CSF on IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels in epithelial ovarian cancer patients who received paclitaxel and cisplatinum : preliminary results
Harada et al., J Interferon Cytokine Res 2004 : In contrast, neutralizing GM-CSF using anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibody ( mAb ) significantly inhibited IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha , and IL-12p70 elicited by SCG
Sukkar et al., Immunol Cell Biol 2004 : ASMC were induced to synthesize GM-CSF by stimulation with IL-1beta and TNF-alpha followed by 10 % human serum
Dai et al., Ann Rheum Dis 2004 (Arthritis, Rheumatoid...) : IL18, IL1 beta, and TNF alpha did not induce M-CSF , GM-CSF, IFN gamma, or OPG production in PHA prestimulated T cells or RA synovial T cells
Henness et al., J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004 : Furthermore, IL-17A ( 0.1-10 ng/mL ) had no effect on TNF-alpha induced and IL-1beta induced intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression or GM-CSF secretion
Desmet et al., Biochem Pharmacol 2005 : On the contrary, both RSG and TRO significantly potentiated TNF-alpha induced production of granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor , interleukin (IL)-6 and/or IL-8 in these cells
Kaur et al., Eur Cytokine Netw 2004 (Tuberculosis) : Neutralizing ( 100 % ) rabbit anti-mouse interleukin-1 (IL-1) polyclonal antibody did not affect the Mtb30 induced CSF production, indicating it to be IL-1 independent ; whereas, CSF production was partly dependent on tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) , as goat anti-mouse TNF-alpha immunoglobulin G only partly inhibited it
Catley et al., Br J Pharmacol 2005 (Asthma) : Similarly, IKK beta ( KA ) and I kappa B alpha delta N overexpression also inhibited IL-1beta- and TNF alpha dependent increases in ICAM-1, IL-8 and GM-CSF in addition to IL-1beta mediated increases in cyclooxygenase-2 expression, whereas IKK alpha ( KM ) overexpression had little effect on these outputs
Halme et al., Scand J Gastroenterol 2004 (Crohn Disease) : IFN-gamma/GM-CSF induced TNF release, and co-culture with LPS 1.0 or 10.0 ng/mL was strongly synergistic ... CARD15 1007fs mutation was linked in a gene-dose dependent manner to low TNF release induced by IFN-gamma/GM-CSF ( P value for linear trend = 0.001 )
Kaminska et al., Tumour Biol 2005 (Colorectal Neoplasms) : The levels of circulating interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, macrophage colony stimulating factor ( M-CSF ) and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist ( IL-1ra ) significantly increased with the clinical stage of CRC, and the levels of IL-6, soluble tumor necrosis factor ( sTNF ) receptor type I ( RI ), soluble interleukin 2 receptor alpha and TNFalpha with tumor grade, while IL-6, IL-8, M-CSF, IL-1ra and sTNF RI levels significantly rose with bowel wall invasion
Andoh et al., J Gastroenterol 2005 : IL-17 selectively enhanced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha induced G- and GM-CSF release ... The adenovirus mediated transfer of a stable form of IkappaBalpha and/or a dominant negative mutant of c-Jun markedly inhibited the IL-17 plus TNF-alpha induced G- and GM-CSF mRNA expression ... IL-17 augments TNF-alpha induced G- and GM-CSF release via transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms
Nagi-Miura et al., Atherosclerosis 2006 (Arteritis) : In contrast, anti-GM-CSF significantly reduced the production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma
Gruber et al., Cell Immunol 1992 : Production of macrophage colony stimulating factor ( M-CSF ) by human monocytes is differentially regulated by GM-CSF, TNF alpha, and IFN-gamma
Beyaert et al., Cytokine 1991 : This study shows the in vitro effect of LiCl on the TNF induced or interleukin 1 (IL-1) induced expression of IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ), IL-3, IL-2, and the IL-2 receptor-alpha ( IL-2R alpha ) ... TNF alone induced only GM-CSF production in these cells, but in the presence of LiCl, increased amounts of GM-CSF as well as small amounts of IL-2 and IL-6 could be detected
Létuvé et al., J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006 (Asthma...) : Moreover, IL-17E and TNF-alpha synergistically induced GM-CSF and CXCL-8 mRNA
Harada et al., J Interferon Cytokine Res 2006 : GM-CSF was required for the induction of TNF-alpha by SCG, and in turn, TNF-alpha enhanced the release of GM-CSF and thereby augmented the induction of IL-12p70 and IFN-gamma by SCG
Oishi et al., Cytokine 2006 : Conversely, rhG-CSF had no effect on the pre-PHx mRNA levels or the PHx induced upregulation of mRNA levels of TNF-alpha , IL-1beta, IL-6, TGF-beta, IL-10, HGF, and c-Met determined by real-time RT-PCR
Dang et al., FASEB J 2006 : We found that IL-10 selectively inhibited GM-CSF- but not TNFalpha induced p47PHOX phosphorylation in a concentration dependent manner
Yongchaitrakul et al., J Periodontol 2006 : Human periodontal ligament cells secrete macrophage colony stimulating factor in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha in vitro
Harada et al., Microbiol Immunol 2006 (Leukopenia) : Neutralizing GM-CSF significantly inhibited the induction of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-12p70 by SCG
Lopez et al., J Cell Physiol 1990 (Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive) : Specificity studies under conditions that prevent receptor internalization showed that the binding of IL-3, GM-CSF , and IL-5 was not inhibited by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha , IL-1 beta, interferon (IFN)-gamma, or G-CSF
Leizer et al., Blood 1990 : Cytokine regulation of colony stimulating factor production in cultured human synovial fibroblasts : I. Induction of GM-CSF and G-CSF production by interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor ... The transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D, and protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, inhibited the increase in GM-CSF and G-CSF production induced by IL-1 and TNF
Rani et al., Immunobiology 2006 (Disease Models, Animal...) : In the present study, the effect of GM-CSF on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced TNF-alpha release and MAPkinase activation was analysed on the background of a possible immunostimulating activity of this substance
Elbaz et al., J Clin Invest 1991 (Acute Disease...) : The TNF effect does not occur at 0 degrees C and can not be induced by IL-2, IL-6, or GM-CSF
Tweardy et al., J Neuroimmunol 1991 (HIV Infections) : In the present study, we examined the effects of TNF-alpha on the production of GM-CSF and G-CSF by U87MG, a human astroglial cell line that constitutively expresses GM-CSF and G-CSF, and U373MG, a second human astroglial cell line that does not produce CSF
Zaheer et al., J Neurochem 2007 (Encephalitis...) : The GM-CSF dependent expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokine/chemokine, TNF-alpha , IL-1beta, IL-6, and IP-10, is cytotoxic to oligodendrocytes, the myelin forming cells in the central nervous system, and as well as neurons
Matthews et al., Scand J Immunol 2007 : However, only pGM-CSF triggered the short lived expression of GM-CSF ( peaking at 4 h ) and significant long-term increases in both TNF-alpha and IL-1beta
Grund et al., Mol Pharmacol 2008 (Endometriosis...) : Interestingly, MEK, p38, and IKK inhibitors block TNF-alpha induced IL-8, IL-6, and GM-CSF secretion and 12z invasion, whereas the PI3K inhibitors do not
Elbaz et al., Blood 1991 (Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute...) : Tumor necrosis factor regulates the expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and interleukin-3 receptors on human acute myeloid leukemia cells
Vallés et al., Biomaterials 2008 : Experiments employing neutralising antibodies indicate that exposure of co-cultured macrophages to both Ti-based particles induces the release of M-CSF , GM-CSF, IL-6 and PGE2 through up-regulation of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha
Pazdrak et al., J Immunol 2008 : Importantly, we found that inhibition of ICAM-1 in activated eosinophils blocked GM-CSF induced expression of c-fos, c-myc, IL-8, and TNF-alpha
Danis et al., Clin Exp Immunol 1991 : Effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ), IL-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-6 on the production of immunoreactive IL-1 and TNF-alpha by human monocytes ... The effects of GM-CSF , IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-6 on the production of IL-1 ( both secreted and cell associated ) and TNF-alpha by peripheral blood monocytes were studied ... GM-CSF synergistically enhanced TNF-alpha secretion induced by IFN-gamma but not by lipopolysaccharide ... GM-CSF did not enhance TNF-alpha secretion induced by IL-2 or TNF-alpha
Funakoshi-Tago et al., Cytokine 2009 : Interestingly, we observed that TNFalpha induced expression of IL-6, CXCL1 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) were significantly enhanced in TRAF6-deficient MEFs
Delpino et al., Infect Immun 2009 (Brucellosis) : The induction of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta was largely due to granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor produced by infected osteoblasts, as demonstrated by inhibition with a specific neutralizing antibody
Yamada et al., Blood 1991 : Involvement of a nuclear factor-kappa B-like protein in induction of the macrophage colony stimulating factor gene by tumor necrosis factor
Haworth et al., Eur J Immunol 1991 (Arthritis, Rheumatoid...) : Expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in rheumatoid arthritis : regulation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha ... Using neutralizing antibodies to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha we demonstrated that GM-CSF production in RA synovial cell cultures is dependent on the continued presence of active TNF-alpha
Watase et al., In Vivo 2008 (Nasal Polyps) : Treatment of NECs with EP at more than 25 ng/ml, reduced the ability of NECs to produce GM-CSF in response to TNF-alpha stimulation
Eischen et al., J Immunol Methods 1991 : In the present paper, we demonstrate that GM-CSF at a concentration of 50 U/ml ( 5 ng/ml ) promotes better cell survival and the differentiation of Mo into M phi displaying certain morphological differences as compared to control M phi such as an increased expression of Max-1 antigen, CR3 and Fc gamma II receptors, higher phagocytic properties and increased capacities of cytotoxicity and TNF secretion when the cells are further activated by IFN-gamma
Cakarova et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009 (Lung Injury) : Collectively, these findings indicate that TNF-alpha released from activated resident alveolar macrophages induces epithelial GM-CSF expression, which in turn initiates AEC proliferation and contributes to restoring alveolar barrier function
Essner et al., J Clin Lab Immunol 1990 : Differential effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and macrophage colony stimulating factor on tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 production in human monocytes ... IFN gamma alone did not induce either cytokine, but in the presence of GM-CSF it caused a synergistic ( 100-fold ) increase in TNF but not IL-1 production
Knobloch et al., Thorax 2009 : TNFalpha induced GM-CSF release from human airway smooth muscle cells depends on activation of an ET-1 autoregulatory positive feedback mechanism ... ET-1 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) expression in response to tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and ET-1 stimulation was investigated, and the impact of mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) pathways in this context was studied ... ET-1- and TNFalpha induced GM-CSF expression were both reduced by bosentan as well as by specific inhibition of either ET ( A ) R, ET ( B ) R, p38 ( MAPK ) or ERK-1/-2
Zoja et al., Am J Pathol 1991 : In addition, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha induced high levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) and macrophage colony stimulating factor ( M-CSF ) mRNAs
Alvaro-Gracia et al., J Immunol 1991 (Arthritis, Rheumatoid...) : VI. Analysis of the synovial cells involved in granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor production and gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis and its regulation by IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ... IL-1 and TNF-alpha had a synergistic effect on GM-CSF production ... Both IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha induced GM-CSF mRNA accumulation, with a maximum effect after 4 h of stimulation ... After 1 wk in culture, additional stimulation with IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha was required for GM-CSF production
Hua et al., Int Immunopharmacol 2010 (Arthritis, Rheumatoid) : When cells were stimulated with different concentrations of LPS and GM-CSF, the minimal TNFalpha level obtained by MEK inhibitor was not dependent on the stimulation condition ; while it was dependent on GM-CSF level for p38 inhibitor
Altan et al., J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010 (Endometriosis) : TBP and TNF-SHARC dose-dependently inhibited TNFalpha induced secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor , and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in immortalized human endometriotic cells
Huang et al., Am J Pathol 2010 (Disease Models, Animal...) : Moreover, both tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-1 ß, cytokines that are implicated in the genesis of preeclampsia, markedly up-regulated granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor production in cultured first-trimester human decidual cells
Scian et al., Infect Immun 2011 : This effect was mediated by GM-CSF , which induced TNF-a production by monocytes, which in turn induced MMP-9 in these cells
Sherman et al., J Clin Invest 1990 (Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute) : The effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on the regulation of macrophage-specific colony stimulating factor ( CSF-1 ) gene expression have been studied in HL-60 cells during monocytic differentiation
Kamijo et al., J Immunol 1990 (Leukemia, Myeloid) : Although IFN-gamma, IL-6, granulocyte CSF , and granulocyte-macrophage CSF induced nitroblue tetrazolium reducing activity of U-937 cells, only IFN-gamma, and TNF induced it synergistically in combination with TGF-beta 1
Sasaki et al., J Biol Chem 2011 : Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) but lymphotoxin ß ( LTß ) does not ... Here we report that priming of cells with agonistic LTß receptor antibody synergistically enhanced TNF induced GM-CSF expression ... Taken together, these findings suggested that LTß signaling amplified TNF mediated GM-CSF expression by facilitating chromatin access and the co-recruitment of RNA polymerase II to increase gene transcription
Curley et al., Lymphokine Res 1990 : rhM-CSF produced a dose dependent increase in TNF release by KC in vitro with a parallel increase in MCA26 killing
Chantry et al., Cytokine 1990 : The effect of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) on the expression of HLA-DR, and the production of the cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) by human peripheral blood monocyte enriched populations was investigated
Wang et al., Int J Oncol 1995 : We report that all-trans retinoic acid ( tRA ) synergizes with LPS to enhance the production of granulocyte colony stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) in PMA treated cells, whereas the production of granulocyte-macrophage CSF, interleukin 1-beta (IL-1-beta), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is minimally affected by tRA
Fiedler et al., Oncol Rep 1995 : Tnf-alpha induces gm-csf secretion in leukemic-cell lines u-937 and kg-1a ... Recently it has been shown that IL-1 and TNF-alpha can induce GM-CSF production in fresh leukemic cells of patients who do not release GM-CSF spontaneously ... To further characterize this phenomenon we investigated GM-CSF induction by TNF-alpha in two leukemic cell lines, U 937 and KG-1a
Devine et al., Oncol Rep 1994 : Serum tumor necrosis factor levels were not increased by GM-CSF
Sabatini et al., Cancer Res 1990 (Melanoma) : We found that recombinant human GM-CSF stimulated TNF production by the same cells as the tumor conditioned medium
Zhu et al., J Biol Response Mod 1990 : Induction of tumor necrosis factor by macrophage colony stimulating factor in vivo ... The effect of human urinary colony stimulating factor ( CSF-1 ) on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in vivo was assessed
Wetzler et al., Cancer Res 1990 (Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive) : However, granulocyte colony stimulating factor expression could be induced by recombinant human IL-1 beta ; while IL-6 could be induced by both IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Tannheimer et al., Respir Res 2012 (Inflammation...) : Evaluation of roflumilast ( 1-10 µM ) showed no significant inhibition alone on TGFß1 induced ET-1 and CTGF mRNA transcripts, ET-1 and FN protein production, alpha smooth muscle expression, or TNF-a induced secretion of CXCL10, CCL5 and GM-CSF
Seidel et al., Eur Respir J 2013 : In addition, DMF reduced TNF-a induced granulocyte colony stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) secretion but had no effect on INF-? induced G-CSF secretion
Abe et al., Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi 2013 : We also found that high-dose IgG specifically and completely inhibited accelerated expression of KD-related cytokines such as G-CSF , IL-6 and IL-1ß by HCAEC in response to TNF-a
Gowen et al., Endocrinology 1990 : Human osteoblast cultures derived as out-growths from trabecular bone released tumor necrosis factor ( TNF alpha ) upon stimulation of the cells with human recombinant interleukin 1 ( IL1 ; 10 ( -13 ) -10 ( -11 ) M ), human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ( 100-1000 U/ml ), and bacterial lipopolysaccharide ( 5-500 ng/ml ) ... These results suggest that human osteoblasts, which have been shown previously to respond to TNF alpha, can synthesize and release TNF in response to IL1 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
Koeffler et al., Blood 1987 : Recombinant human TNF alpha stimulates production of granulocyte colony stimulating factor ... The ability of TNF alpha to stimulate production of CSF in fibroblasts may be pivotal to regulation of hematopoiesis
Kaushansky et al., J Immunol 1988 : Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-beta ( lymphotoxin ) stimulate the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor , macrophage colony stimulating factor, and IL-1 in vivo ... Using Northern blot analysis to detect tissue levels of hematopoietic growth factor-specific transcripts, and specific biologic and immunologic assays to detect the presence of colony stimulating factors in the serum, we have found that TNF-alpha and TNF-beta induce the transcription and production of granulocyte-macrophage-CSF , macrophage-CSF, and IL-1
Heidenreich et al., J Immunol 1989 : Although GM-CSF potently induced TNF-alpha gene transcription by 20 h of treatment, PGE2 interfered with translation into the secreted TNF-alpha protein
Yamato et al., Blood 1989 : Mesenchymal cells produce abundant GM-CSF in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)
Oster et al., J Clin Invest 1989 (Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute) : TNF-alpha induces CSF production by endothelial cells and may therefore provide a paracrine loop to support leukemia growth
Mustafa et al., J Clin Invest 1989 (Disease Models, Animal...) : When 1-2 X 10 ( 7 ) CFU of Hib was used to induce meningitis, peak CSF TNF activity was comparable with that after 20 ng Hib LOS, but the activity persisted for 14 h. Dexamethasone ( DXM ) ( 1 mg/kg per i.v. ) given 1 h before or simultaneously with IC Hib LOS reduced significantly TNF activity and meningeal inflammation ... We conclude that TNF participates in mediating meningeal inflammation associated with Hib experimental meningitis, and that DXM, when given before or with Hib LOS, inhibits CSF TNF production and modulates the meningeal inflammatory response
Kleinerman et al., Cancer Res 1988 (Neoplasms) : rGM-CSF in vitro also did not stimulate the tumoricidal function of normal monocytes or the secretion of interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor
Hart et al., J Immunol 1988 : GM-CSF alone did not stimulate IL-1 or TNF-alpha activities or the production of PGE2
Sisson et al., Blood 1988 : In addition, interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) upregulated the amount of TNF induced by rGM-CSF in all donors examined, with variable effect on IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta
Cannistra et al., J Clin Invest 1987 (Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse) : Human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor induces expression of the tumor necrosis factor gene by the U937 cell line and by normal human monocytes
Munker et al., Nature 1986 : Recombinant human TNF induces production of granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor
Oster et al., Blood 1987 : Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha but not TNF-beta induces secretion of colony stimulating factor for macrophages ( CSF-1 ) by human monocytes
Caldwell et al., J Cell Physiol 1994 : We further show that IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha synergistically stimulate production of GM-CSF and G-CSF by a clonal stroma derived cell strain
Rusten et al., Blood 1994 : Moreover, the stimulatory effects of TNF alpha on GM-CSF or IL-3 induced colony formation, as well as the inhibition of G-CSF induced colony growth, were also exclusively signaled through the p55 TNF receptor
Bruserud et al., Leuk Res 1995 (Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute) : IL-3 and granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor increased secretion of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha for a majority of AML patients, whereas IL-4 decreased cytokine secretion
Terashima et al., Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1995 : We investigated the in vitro effects of granulocyte colony stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release from monocytes
Kitabayashi et al., Blood 1995 (Burkitt Lymphoma) : In contrast with G-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF and interleukin (IL)-3 enhanced alloactivation induced TNF-alpha production
Opara et al., Surgery 1995 (Anorexia) : Increase in plasma TNF-alpha with no increase in CSF-TNF-alpha during TPN, when food intake decreased, suggests an association between TPN and TNF-alpha but not necessarily cause and effect
Rizzo et al., Blood 1995 (Second Messenger Systems) : We have previously shown that granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) gene expression induced by interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the murine stromal cell line +/+.1-LDA 11 involves activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2)
Caldwell et al., Blood 1995 : Taken together, these results raise the possibility that IL-1 alpha cross-induction of TNF receptors may contribute to the biochemical mechanisms underlying the synergistic stimulation of G-CSF and GM-CSF production by IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha
Sullivan et al., Blood 1993 : This enhanced activity can be attributed, in part, to both inherent enhancing factor ( s ) on lymphocytes and PMN associated TNF induced by GM-CSF
Alderson et al., J Exp Med 1993 : CD40 ligand transfected cells provided a potent costimulus for monocyte TNF-alpha and IL-6 production in the presence of GM-CSF , IL-3, or IFN-gamma, and enhanced IL-8 production stimulated by GM-CSF or IL-3
Rhoades et al., Cell Immunol 1995 : Regulation of TNF-alpha promoter activity by IL-2, IFN-gamma, GM-CSF , and IL-4 was examined in the U937 macrophage cell line and the MLA 144 T cell line
Paleolog et al., Blood 1994 : TNF-alpha induced expression of tissue factor and adhesion molecules, and release of IL-8 and GM-CSF , are decreased by antibodies with antagonistic activities for either receptor, although the effect of anti-p55 antibodies is markedly greater than that of anti-p75 antibodies
Alsalameh et al., J Rheumatol 1994 : Transforming growth factor beta ( TGF-beta ) and to a lesser extent interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were able to decrease GM-CSF production induced by IL-1 and/or TNF-alpha
Aman et al., Blood 1994 : Production of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ), granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) in stromal cell layers was induced by incubation with IL-1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) , or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Pang et al., Clin Exp Immunol 1994 : TNF-alpha stimulated the release of GM-CSF , IL-6 and IL-8 and, combined with IL-1 alpha, cytokine production was enhanced synergistically
Hladik et al., J Immunol 1994 : A single application of 30,000 U nIL-2 induced selective and long lasting expression of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF genes, which was not accompanied by accumulation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNAs
Derigs et al., Exp Hematol 1994 : The combined stimulation by IL-1 plus TNF-alpha resulted in supra-additive increases in GM-CSF expression by +/+ ( - ) 1.LDA11 ... More sensitive experiments using a luciferase reporter vector containing the GM-CSF promoter region were necessary to convincingly establish the role of TNF-alpha and 8BrcAMP on transcriptional induction of the GM-CSF gene in +/+ ( - ) 1.LDA11 stromal cells
Sakurai et al., Jpn J Cancer Res 1994 (Liver Neoplasms...) : Induction of tumor necrosis factor in mice by recombinant human macrophage colony stimulating factor ... The effect of recombinant human macrophage colony stimulating factor ( rhM-CSF ) on endogenous production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was investigated in mice
Terao et al., Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1993 (Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary) : Effect of GM-CSF on TNF-alpha and IL-1-beta production by alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes from patients with sarcoidosis ... The present studies were designed to examine the regulatory effect of GM-CSF on TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta production by AM and PM from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis
Bender et al., J Immunol 1993 : In virus infected monocytes, GM-CSF induced a more rapid IFN-alpha release and potentiated production of TNF-alpha , IL-1 beta, and IL-6
Rizzo et al., Exp Hematol 1994 : Regulation of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor gene expression : potential involvement of arachidonic acid metabolism
Hahn et al., Exp Hematol 1994 : Depletion of potential accessory cells resulted in a marked stimulatory response of CB cells to TNF-alpha , in the presence of GM-CSF , while it did not alter the responses to IFN
Kelsey et al., Exp Hematol 1993 : GM-CSF and IFN-gamma combined with 1,25 ( OH ) 2D3 increased cellular TNF secretion to levels not seen with these agents alone
Campbell et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1993 : A specific radioimmunoassay was employed to demonstrate that human articular cartilage and chondrocyte monolayers in organ and cell culture, respectively, produce macrophage colony stimulating factor ( M-CSF ) in response to stimulation with interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and TNF beta
Perkins et al., Am J Hematol 1993 (Sarcoma) : There was no significant change in the basal release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) induced by rhGM-CSF
Brailly et al., Leukemia 1993 (Acute Disease...) : We provide experimental evidence that TNF alpha induces both GM-CSF gene expression and up-regulation of high-affinity GM-CSF membrane receptor in TNF alpha-responsive cells
Filonzi et al., Atherosclerosis 1993 : Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and, to a lesser extent, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) stimulated GM-CSF formation within 3 h ; mRNA levels also increased particularly in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide
Branch et al., Exp Hematol 1996 : To control for effects of trace levels of LPS in culture media, we examined CSF-1 and GM-CSF stimulated TNF-alpha production in relatively homogeneous populations of normal LPS-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ BMM and a growth factor dependent cell line ( S1 ) of C3H/HeJ origin ... These results demonstrate that CSF-1 alone is capable of inducing expression of both TNF-alpha mRNA and protein, that GM-CSF may negatively regulate TNF-alpha protein production, and that endogenously produced TNF-alpha may provide additional growth signals for CSF-1 mediated BMM proliferation
Kruger et al., Immunology 1996 : The cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and IL-2 strongly enhanced GM-CSF production, while IL-4, IL-6, GM-CSF, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) had no effect
Suzumura et al., Brain Res 1996 : GM-CSF did not induce tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha or IL-1 in microglia and astrocytes, whereas lipopolysaccharide induced all these cytokines
Kamanna et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1996 : In this study, we examined the effect of TNF-alpha on mesangial cell gene expression of M-CSF , a colony stimulating factor associated with monocyte differentiation into macrophages and proliferation
Vandermolen et al., J Soc Gynecol Investig 1996 : Interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulate granulocyte colony stimulating factor production by placental villous core mesenchymal cells ... To test the hypothesis that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) regulate granulocyte colony stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) production by human placental villous core mesenchymal cells
Branch et al., Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1996 : The results show that granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor , macrophage colony stimulating factor and lipopolysaccharide differently regulate TNF alpha protein expression and suggest that different isoforms may have different functions
Gormand et al., Pulm Pharmacol 1995 (Asthma) : Spontaneous and TNFalpha induced GM-CSF or IL-8 released levels increased significantly with time ... TNFalpha potentiated GM-CSF and IL-8 release in control subjects and only the IL-8 production in asthmatics ... Nedocromil sodium, at the concentration of 10 ( -6 ) M, reduced the TNF induced increase in GM-CSF but not the IL-8 release
Lajeunesse et al., J Clin Invest 1996 (Osteopetrosis) : Osteopetrotic Ob-like cells obtained pre-BMT showed normal and abnormal 1,25 ( OH ) 2D3 induced alkaline phosphatase ( ALPase ) and osteocalcin production, respectively, and failed to produce macrophage colony stimulating factor ( M-CSF ) in response to IL-1a and TNF-alpha
Muñoz et al., Blood 1996 : Both PDTC and NAC inhibited, in a dose dependent manner, the synthesis of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha or bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVEC )
Aubin et al., Kidney Int 1996 (Bone Neoplasms...) : The production of macrophage colony stimulating factor ( M-CSF ) was stimulated in the presence of 1,25 ( OH ) 2D3 ( 50 nM ), TNF-alpha ( 2 ng/ml ) or both in MG-63 cells
Gormand et al., Prostaglandins 1996 : Detectable amounts of both cytokines were released in the supernatant in basal conditions at 24hr, and TNF alpha increased significantly the release of GM-CSF ... 12-HETE at 10 ( -7 ) M weakly but significantly decreased the TNF induced release of GM-CSF from HBEC
Zhang et al., J Pathol 1996 (Asthma) : The enhancement of GM-CSF production by TNF-alpha in myofibroblasts was blocked by the inhibition of RNA synthesis
Aust et al., J Endocrinol 1996 (Carcinoma...) : Stimulation with TNF-alpha resulted in an increased GM-CSF production in fibroblasts ( 361 +/- 14 pg/ml ), HTh 74 ( 148 +/- 51 pg/ml ) and SW 1736 cultures ( 235 +/- 43 pg/ml )
Xing et al., Am J Pathol 1997 (Granuloma...) : We found that GM-CSF overexpression did not enhance production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in a significant manner at any time after GM-CSF gene transfer
Bundschuh et al., J Immunol 1997 : Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and IFN-gamma restore the systemic TNF-alpha response to endotoxin in lipopolysaccharide desensitized mice ... In cultures of murine monocyte/macrophage containing cell populations, i.e., alveolar, peritoneal, spleen, bone marrow cells, or blood, the presence of GM-CSF or IFN-gamma ( 10 ng/ml ) resulted in an enhanced release of TNF-alpha initiated by 1 microg/ml LPS
De Sanctis et al., Immunology 1997 : LDL stimulated IL-8 secretion > IL-1 alpha > IL-2 = IFN-gamma, it did not modify TNF-alpha and inhibited five hundred-fold GM-CSF secretion
Lacasse et al., Inflammation 1997 (Inflammation) : GM-CSF production by EC was also stimulated by the combined effects of PAF and TNF alpha , but PAF alone did not affect GM-CSF production
Foli et al., AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1997 (HIV Infections) : However, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ), a cytokine that enhances HIV replication in M/Ms and is frequently used to propagate monocytotropic strains of HIV, can induce the relatively long-term production of IL-6 ( up to 47 U/ml ) and TNF-alpha ( up to 47 pg/ml ) by M/Ms, even in the absence of HIV
Dybedal et al., Blood 1997 : In the presence of TNF , activation of Fas almost completely blocked clonogenic growth of lineage depleted ( Lin- ) bone marrow ( BM ) progenitor cells in response to granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ), CSF-1, or a combination of multiple cytokines
Freeman et al., J Appl Physiol 1997 (Endotoxemia...) : Compared with controls, rG-CSF increased circulating neutrophil counts ( 57.4 vs. 11.0 x 10 ( 3 ) /mm3, day 1 after infection ; P = 0.0001 ), decreased plasma endotoxin ( 7.5 vs. 1.1 EU/ml at 8 h ; P < 0.01 ) and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( 3,402 vs. 729 pg/ml at 2 h ; P = 0.01 ) levels, and prolonged survival ( relative risk of death = 0.45, 95 % confidence interval 0.21-0.97 ; P = 0.038 )
Mylius-Spencker et al., Eur Cytokine Netw 1997 : The results suggest that in inflammatory processes, GM-CSF and IFN-gamma contribute to increased synthesis of TNF-R75 by monocytic cells, a prerequisite for the formation of large amounts of soluble receptors
Pastore et al., J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998 (Dermatitis, Atopic) : In contrast, spontaneous release of IL-1alpha, IL-1ra, GM-CSF, and TNF-alpha was increased in the supernatants of unstimulated keratinocytes from patients with AD compared with keratinocytes from control subjects, with IL-1ra and GM-CSF reaching statistically significant difference
Declercq et al., J Immunol 1998 : We also demonstrate ligand independent TNF-R55 mediated cooperation in TNF-R75 induced granulocyte/macrophage-CSF secretion, but not vice versa ... Remarkably, TRAF2-DN overexpression, which was found to inhibit the TNF dependent recruitment of endogenous wild-type TRAF2 to the TNF-R75 signaling complex, could neither block TNF-R55- or TNF-R75 induced NF-kappaB activation nor granulocyte/macrophage-CSF secretion
McLeish et al., J Leukoc Biol 1998 : TNF-alpha stimulated a dose dependent increase in ERK and p38 MAPK activities that was maximal at 10 min. JNKs were not stimulated by TNF-alpha or GM-CSF
Iversen et al., Blood 1998 (Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic) : It has been postulated that TNF stimulates GM-CSF gene expression in an autocrine manner ... The stimulatory effect of TNF on GM-CSF gene expression in JMML cells probably takes place at the transcription level, because the ribozyme treatment decreased GM-CSF mRNA
Crane et al., Clin Exp Immunol 1999 : IL-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor-beta ( TGF-beta ) all stimulated GM-CSF production by RPE cells and a combination of these cytokines increased GM-CSF production over five-fold compared with that with the individual cytokines alone