Itoh et al., J Periodontal Res 2006
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Our results indicate that EMD induces the formation of osteoclasts through interaction with RANKL, while ERK and p38 MAPK may play a critical role in the enhancement of osteoclast formation in RAW 264.7 cells
Kémoun et al., Cell Tissue Res 2007
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Phosphorylation of Smad-1 and MAPK is stimulated by EMD or rhBMP-2
Sakoda et al., Eur J Oral Sci 2012
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Our results suggest that EMD stimulates VEGF production partially via TGF-ß1 and FGF-2 in human gingival fibroblasts and that EMD induced VEGF production is regulated by ERK, p38 MAPK , and PI3K/Akt pathways