Golden et al., Crit Rev Toxicol 2005
:
Testing of parabens has revealed to varying degrees that individual paraben compounds have weakly estrogenic activity in some in vitro screening tests, such as ligand binding to the estrogen receptor , regulation of CAT gene expression, and proliferation of MCF-7 cells
Curtis et al., J Mol Endocrinol 1997
:
Surprisingly, unlike the mouse ER, the human estrogen receptor activated and induced expression of lactoferrin estrogen-responsive module-CAT with all the compounds