Sun et al., J Biomed Mater Res A 2009
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The conclusion is that HAP NPs can induce p53 expression through phosphorylation, which promotes downstream genes and finally results in cell apoptosis
Ahamed et al., Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010
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Furthermore, Ag NPs up-regulated the cell cycle checkpoint p53 and cell signaling protein p38 that are involved in the DNA damage repair pathway