Human Gene MUL1 (uc001bdi.4)
  Description: Homo sapiens mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (MUL1), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA.
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg19 chr1:20,825,941-20,834,674 Size: 8,734 Total Exon Count: 4 Strand: -
Coding Region
   Position: hg19 chr1:20,827,183-20,834,517 Size: 7,335 Coding Exon Count: 4 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersGenetic AssociationsCTD
Gene AllelesRNA-Seq ExpressionMicroarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther Species
GO AnnotationsmRNA DescriptionsPathwaysOther NamesModel InformationMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2013-06-14

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr1:20,825,941-20,834,674)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (352 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAVisiGeneGene interactionsTable Schema
AlphaFoldBioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGeneCards
GeneNetworkH-INVHGNCHPRDLynxMGI
neXtProtOMIMPubMedReactomeTreefamUniProtKB
WikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: MUL1_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1; EC=6.3.2.-; AltName: Full=E3 SUMO-protein ligase MUL1; AltName: Full=E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MUL1; AltName: Full=Growth inhibition and death E3 ligase; AltName: Full=Mitochondrial-anchored protein ligase; Short=MAPL; AltName: Full=Putative NF-kappa-B-activating protein 266; AltName: Full=RING finger protein 218;
FUNCTION: Exhibits weak E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity, but preferentially acts as a SUMO E3 ligase at physiological concentrations. Plays a role in the control of mitochondrial morphology. Promotes mitochondrial fragmentation and influences mitochondrial localization. Inhibits cell growth. When overexpressed, activates JNK through MAP3K7/TAK1 and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfer the ubiquitin to targeted substrates.
PATHWAY: Protein modification; protein ubiquitination.
PATHWAY: Protein modification; protein sumoylation.
SUBUNIT: Homooligomer. Interacts with MAP3K7/TAK1. Interacts with UBC9. Interacts with and sumoylates DNM1L.
INTERACTION: Q92624:APPBP2; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-744120, EBI-743771;
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Peroxisome. Note=Transported in mitochondrion- derived vesicles from the mitochondrion to the peroxisome.
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Widely expressed with highest levels in the heart, skeletal muscle, placenta, kidney and liver. Barely detectable in colon and thymus.
DOMAIN: The zinc finger domain is required for E3 ligase activity.
SIMILARITY: Contains 1 RING-type zinc finger.

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  Genetic Association Studies of Complex Diseases and Disorders
  Genetic Association Database (archive): MUL1
CDC HuGE Published Literature: MUL1

-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene

+  Common Gene Haplotype Alleles
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 18.55 RPKM in Esophagus - Muscularis
Total median expression: 660.43 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -71.10157-0.453 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -488.111242-0.393 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR022170 - GIDE
IPR001841 - Znf_RING
IPR013083 - Znf_RING/FYVE/PHD

Pfam Domains:
PF12483 - E3 Ubiquitin ligase
PF13920 - Zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger)

SCOP Domains:
57850 - RING/U-box

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q969V5
FrontTopSide
The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
No orthologNo orthologGenome BrowserGenome BrowserNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene Details  Gene Details  
Gene Sorter  Gene Sorter  
  EnsemblFlyBase  
  Protein SequenceProtein Sequence  
  AlignmentAlignment  

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0004842 ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
GO:0005515 protein binding
GO:0016740 transferase activity
GO:0019789 SUMO transferase activity
GO:0031625 ubiquitin protein ligase binding
GO:0042802 identical protein binding
GO:0046872 metal ion binding

Biological Process:
GO:0000266 mitochondrial fission
GO:0006915 apoptotic process
GO:0006919 activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
GO:0006996 organelle organization
GO:0007257 activation of JUN kinase activity
GO:0010637 negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion
GO:0010821 regulation of mitochondrion organization
GO:0016567 protein ubiquitination
GO:0016925 protein sumoylation
GO:0030308 negative regulation of cell growth
GO:0031647 regulation of protein stability
GO:0031648 protein destabilization
GO:0033235 positive regulation of protein sumoylation
GO:0043123 positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
GO:0045824 negative regulation of innate immune response
GO:0050689 negative regulation of defense response to virus by host
GO:0050821 protein stabilization
GO:0051646 mitochondrion localization
GO:0051881 regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential
GO:0051898 negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling
GO:0060339 negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
GO:0071360 cellular response to exogenous dsRNA
GO:0071650 negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production
GO:0090141 positive regulation of mitochondrial fission
GO:1901028 regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
GO:1903861 positive regulation of dendrite extension
GO:1904925 positive regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

Cellular Component:
GO:0005739 mitochondrion
GO:0005741 mitochondrial outer membrane
GO:0005777 peroxisome
GO:0016020 membrane
GO:0016021 integral component of membrane
GO:0030424 axon
GO:0031307 integral component of mitochondrial outer membrane
GO:0043025 neuronal cell body


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  BC014010 - Homo sapiens mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:19881 IMAGE:4026435), complete cds.
BC010101 - Homo sapiens mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:19697 IMAGE:3508192), complete cds.
AL833889 - Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp762M0911 (from clone DKFZp762M0911).
AB097015 - Homo sapiens mRNA for putative NFkB activating protein, complete cds, clone: 266.
AK022937 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ12875 fis, clone NT2RP2003777.
JD230450 - Sequence 211474 from Patent EP1572962.
JD258955 - Sequence 239979 from Patent EP1572962.
JD473164 - Sequence 454188 from Patent EP1572962.
JD358887 - Sequence 339911 from Patent EP1572962.
JD227518 - Sequence 208542 from Patent EP1572962.
JD396571 - Sequence 377595 from Patent EP1572962.
JD541460 - Sequence 522484 from Patent EP1572962.
JD404903 - Sequence 385927 from Patent EP1572962.
JD368862 - Sequence 349886 from Patent EP1572962.
JD478026 - Sequence 459050 from Patent EP1572962.
JD500492 - Sequence 481516 from Patent EP1572962.
JD390391 - Sequence 371415 from Patent EP1572962.
JD549876 - Sequence 530900 from Patent EP1572962.
JD080622 - Sequence 61646 from Patent EP1572962.
JD378123 - Sequence 359147 from Patent EP1572962.
JD249639 - Sequence 230663 from Patent EP1572962.
JD404459 - Sequence 385483 from Patent EP1572962.
DQ590118 - Homo sapiens piRNA piR-57230, complete sequence.
JD334917 - Sequence 315941 from Patent EP1572962.
JD442613 - Sequence 423637 from Patent EP1572962.
JD396850 - Sequence 377874 from Patent EP1572962.
JD471588 - Sequence 452612 from Patent EP1572962.
JD393629 - Sequence 374653 from Patent EP1572962.
AK303820 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ55316 complete cds.
JD560202 - Sequence 541226 from Patent EP1572962.
AK293430 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ52155 complete cds, moderately similar to Rattus norvegicus ring finger protein 34 (Rnf34), mRNA.
EU935008 - Homo sapiens E3 ubiquitin ligase (GIDE) mRNA, complete cds.
AB528298 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KE0416, Homo sapiens MUL1 gene for mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1, without stop codon, in Flexi system.
AM393331 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100001866 for hypothetical protein (C1orf166 gene).
AM393690 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100001873 for hypothetical protein (C1orf166 gene).
DQ591903 - Homo sapiens piRNA piR-59015, complete sequence.
JD141310 - Sequence 122334 from Patent EP1572962.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein Q969V5 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-5696872 USP30 deubiquitinates Ub-MOM proteins
R-HSA-5689880 Ub-specific processing proteases
R-HSA-5688426 Deubiquitination
R-HSA-597592 Post-translational protein modification
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: B5M497, C1orf166, GIDE, MAPL, MUL1_HUMAN, MULAN, NM_024544, NP_078820, Q7Z431, Q969V5, Q9H9B5, RNF218
UCSC ID: uc001bdi.4
RefSeq Accession: NM_024544
Protein: Q969V5 (aka MUL1_HUMAN)
CCDS: CCDS208.1

-  Gene Model Information
 
category: coding nonsense-mediated-decay: no RNA accession: NM_024544.2
exon count: 4CDS single in 3' UTR: no RNA size: 2474
ORF size: 1059CDS single in intron: no Alignment % ID: 100.00
txCdsPredict score: 2318.00frame shift in genome: no % Coverage: 99.35
has start codon: yes stop codon in genome: no # of Alignments: 1
has end codon: yes retained intron: no # AT/AC introns 0
selenocysteine: no end bleed into intron: 0# strange splices: 0
Click here for a detailed description of the fields of the table above.

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.