Human Gene RAD51 (uc010bbx.3)
  Description: Homo sapiens RAD51 homolog (S. cerevisiae) (RAD51), transcript variant 2, mRNA.
RefSeq Summary (NM_133487): The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAD51 protein family. RAD51 family members are highly similar to bacterial RecA and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51, and are known to be involved in the homologous recombination and repair of DNA. This protein can interact with the ssDNA-binding protein RPA and RAD52, and it is thought to play roles in homologous pairing and strand transfer of DNA. This protein is also found to interact with BRCA1 and BRCA2, which may be important for the cellular response to DNA damage. BRCA2 is shown to regulate both the intracellular localization and DNA-binding ability of this protein. Loss of these controls following BRCA2 inactivation may be a key event leading to genomic instability and tumorigenesis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009].
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg19 chr15:40,987,327-41,024,356 Size: 37,030 Total Exon Count: 10 Strand: +
Coding Region
   Position: hg19 chr15:40,990,957-41,023,376 Size: 32,420 Coding Exon Count: 9 

Page IndexSequence and LinksPrimersGenetic AssociationsMalaCardsCTD
Gene AllelesRNA-Seq ExpressionMicroarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther Species
mRNA DescriptionsPathwaysOther NamesGeneReviewsModel InformationMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2013-06-14

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr15:40,987,327-41,024,356)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (340 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAVisiGeneGene interactionsTable Schema
AlphaFoldBioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGeneCards
GeneNetworkH-INVHGNCHPRDLynxMalacards
MGIOMIMPubMedReactomeTreefamUniProtKB
WikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  Genetic Association Studies of Complex Diseases and Disorders
  Genetic Association Database (archive): RAD51
CDC HuGE Published Literature: RAD51
Positive Disease Associations: breast cancer , breast cancer; ovarian cancer , head and neck cancer mutagen sensitivity
Related Studies:
  1. breast cancer
    Kadouri, L. et al. 2004, A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the RAD51 gene modifies breast cancer risk in BRCA2 carriers, but not in BRCA1 carriers or noncarriers., British journal of cancer. 2004 May;90(10):2002-5. [PubMed 15138485]
    These results indicate significantly elevated risk for BC in carriers of BRCA2 mutations who also carry a RAD51-135c allele. In BRCA1 carriers and noncarriers, no effect for this SNP was found.
  2. breast cancer
    Jakubowska, A. et al. 2003, Breast cancer risk reduction associated with the RAD51 polymorphism among carriers of the BRCA1 5382insC mutation in Poland., Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention. 2003 May;12(5):457-9. [PubMed 12750242]
    This finding suggests that RAD51 is a genetic modifier of breast cancer risk in BRCA1 carriers in the Polish population. It will be of interest to confirm this in other populations as well.
  3. breast cancer; ovarian cancer
    Wang, W. W. et al. 2001, A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the 5' Untranslated Region of RAD51 and Risk of Cancer among BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention. 2001 Sep;10(9):955-60. [PubMed 11535547]
    We have identified a RAD51 5' untranslated region SNP that may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and a lower risk of ovarian cancer among BRCA2 mutation carriers. The biochemical basis of this risk modifier is currently unknown.
           more ... click here to view the complete list

-  MalaCards Disease Associations
  MalaCards Gene Search: RAD51
Diseases sorted by gene-association score: fanconi anemia, complementation group r* (1280), mirror movements 2* (1044), breast cancer* (763), rad51-related fanconi anemia* (500), mirror movements 1 and/or agenesis of the corpus callosum* (247), breast cancer susceptibility, rad51-related* (100), fanconi anemia, complementation group a* (97), bloom syndrome (15), fanconi anemia, complementation group d2 (13), retinitis pigmentosa 4, autosomal dominant or recessive (12), bilateral breast cancer (12), corneal abscess (8), barrett's adenocarcinoma (8), robinow syndrome, autosomal recessive (8), hereditary breast ovarian cancer* (7), sporadic breast cancer (7), chromosome 17p13.3, centromeric, duplication syndrome (7), erysipeloid (6), louse-borne relapsing fever (6), robinow syndrome (5), spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 1 (4), spinocerebellar ataxia 10 (4), congenital hypoplastic anemia (4), uv-sensitive syndrome (4), brain cancer (2), ovarian cancer, somatic (1)
* = Manually curated disease association

-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

+  Common Gene Haplotype Alleles
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 12.06 RPKM in Testis
Total median expression: 40.74 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -134.70299-0.451 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -300.71980-0.307 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  Pfam Domains:
PF00154 - recA bacterial DNA recombination protein
PF08423 - Rad51
PF13481 - AAA domain
PF14520 - Helix-hairpin-helix domain

SCOP Domains:
47794 - Rad51 N-terminal domain-like
52540 - P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q06609-4
FrontTopSide
The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
No orthologGenome BrowserNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene DetailsGene Details    
Gene SorterGene Sorter    
 RGD    
 Protein Sequence    
 Alignment    

-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  EU362635 - Homo sapiens Rad51 variant mRNA, complete cds, alternatively spliced.
BC001459 - Homo sapiens RAD51 homolog (RecA homolog, E. coli) (S. cerevisiae), mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:2244 IMAGE:3139011), complete cds.
AK313503 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ94059, Homo sapiens RAD51 homolog (RecA homolog, E. coli) (S. cerevisiae)(RAD51), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
AK291969 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ78599 complete cds.
AK303089 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ54207 complete cds, moderately similar to Homo sapiens RAD51 homolog, transcript variant 2, mRNA.
AK131299 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ16262 fis, clone IMR322008651, highly similar to DNA REPAIR PROTEIN RAD51.
D14134 - Homo sapiens mRNA for RAD51, complete cds.
D13804 - Homo sapiens mRNA for RecA-like protein HsRad51, complete cds.
E09404 - RAD51 structural gene.
JD221133 - Sequence 202157 from Patent EP1572962.
JD235031 - Sequence 216055 from Patent EP1572962.
JD480300 - Sequence 461324 from Patent EP1572962.
JD540317 - Sequence 521341 from Patent EP1572962.
AB528640 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KB6422, Homo sapiens RAD51 gene for RAD51 homolog, without stop codon, in Flexi system.
BT019705 - Homo sapiens RAD51 homolog (RecA homolog, E. coli) (S. cerevisiae) mRNA, complete cds.
KJ901692 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_11086 RAD51 gene, encodes complete protein.
CR536559 - Homo sapiens full open reading frame cDNA clone RZPDo834H1120D for gene RAD51, RAD51 homolog (RecA homolog, E. coli) (S. cerevisiae); complete cds, incl. stopcodon.
AY425955 - Homo sapiens Rad51 mRNA, partial cds, alternatively spliced.
AY608888 - Homo sapiens truncated RAD51 (RAD51) mRNA, partial cds, alternatively spliced.
JD463224 - Sequence 444248 from Patent EP1572962.
JD268349 - Sequence 249373 from Patent EP1572962.
JD355290 - Sequence 336314 from Patent EP1572962.
JD501706 - Sequence 482730 from Patent EP1572962.
JD410953 - Sequence 391977 from Patent EP1572962.
JD175417 - Sequence 156441 from Patent EP1572962.
JD548957 - Sequence 529981 from Patent EP1572962.
JD317906 - Sequence 298930 from Patent EP1572962.
JD157894 - Sequence 138918 from Patent EP1572962.
JD442090 - Sequence 423114 from Patent EP1572962.
JD229901 - Sequence 210925 from Patent EP1572962.
JD356972 - Sequence 337996 from Patent EP1572962.
JD082946 - Sequence 63970 from Patent EP1572962.
JD455790 - Sequence 436814 from Patent EP1572962.
JD548614 - Sequence 529638 from Patent EP1572962.
JD494547 - Sequence 475571 from Patent EP1572962.
JD261883 - Sequence 242907 from Patent EP1572962.
JD431749 - Sequence 412773 from Patent EP1572962.
JD201399 - Sequence 182423 from Patent EP1572962.
JD302938 - Sequence 283962 from Patent EP1572962.
JD524088 - Sequence 505112 from Patent EP1572962.
JD061452 - Sequence 42476 from Patent EP1572962.
JD237111 - Sequence 218135 from Patent EP1572962.
JD310400 - Sequence 291424 from Patent EP1572962.
JD070976 - Sequence 52000 from Patent EP1572962.
JD194097 - Sequence 175121 from Patent EP1572962.
JD400393 - Sequence 381417 from Patent EP1572962.
JD400394 - Sequence 381418 from Patent EP1572962.
JD424849 - Sequence 405873 from Patent EP1572962.
JD171142 - Sequence 152166 from Patent EP1572962.
JD060223 - Sequence 41247 from Patent EP1572962.
JD113339 - Sequence 94363 from Patent EP1572962.
JD369138 - Sequence 350162 from Patent EP1572962.
JD046190 - Sequence 27214 from Patent EP1572962.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  KEGG - Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
hsa03440 - Homologous recombination
hsa05200 - Pathways in cancer
hsa05212 - Pancreatic cancer

BioCarta from NCI Cancer Genome Anatomy Project
h_atmPathway - ATM Signaling Pathway
h_atrbrcaPathway - Role of BRCA1, BRCA2 and ATR in Cancer Susceptibility

Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein Q06609 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-5685230 CHEK1 phosphorylates RAD51
R-HSA-5693564 Association of RAD51 with RAD52:DNA double-strand break ends
R-HSA-5686657 ERCC1:XPF cleaves flaps generated by SSA
R-HSA-5693561 RAD51 binds BRCA2 at resected DNA DSBs
R-HSA-5686642 RAD52 promotes single strand annealing at resected DNA DSBs
R-HSA-5686410 BLM mediates dissolution of double Holliday junction
R-HSA-5693589 D-loop dissociation and strand annealing
R-HSA-5685341 BCDX2 complex stabilizes RAD51 filament
R-HSA-5693620 D-loop formation mediated by PALB2, BRCA2 and RAD51
R-HSA-5685838 CX3 complex binds D-loop structures
R-HSA-5693593 D-loop extension by DNA polymerases
R-HSA-5693584 Cleavage of Holliday junctions by GEN1 or SLX1A:SLX4:MUS81:EME1,(MUS81:EME2)
R-HSA-5686440 MUS81:EME1,EME2 cleaves D-loop
R-HSA-912446 Meiotic recombination
R-HSA-5693616 Presynaptic phase of homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange
R-HSA-5685938 HDR through Single Strand Annealing (SSA)
R-HSA-8953750 Transcriptional Regulation by E2F6
R-HSA-1500620 Meiosis
R-HSA-5693579 Homologous DNA Pairing and Strand Exchange
R-HSA-5693567 HDR through Homologous Recombination (HR) or Single Strand Annealing (SSA)
R-HSA-212436 Generic Transcription Pathway
R-HSA-5693568 Resolution of D-loop Structures through Holliday Junction Intermediates
R-HSA-5693554 Resolution of D-loop Structures through Synthesis-Dependent Strand Annealing (SDSA)
R-HSA-1474165 Reproduction
R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle
R-HSA-5685942 HDR through Homologous Recombination (HRR)
R-HSA-5693538 Homology Directed Repair
R-HSA-73857 RNA Polymerase II Transcription
R-HSA-5693537 Resolution of D-Loop Structures
R-HSA-5693532 DNA Double-Strand Break Repair
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription)
R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: NM_133487, NP_597994, Q06609-4, RAD51A, RECA
UCSC ID: uc010bbx.3
RefSeq Accession: NM_133487
Protein: Q06609-4, splice isoform of Q06609 CCDS: CCDS53931.1

-  GeneReviews for This Gene
  GeneReviews article(s) related to gene RAD51:
fa (Fanconi Anemia)
mirror (Congenital Mirror Movements)

-  Gene Model Information
 
category: coding nonsense-mediated-decay: no RNA accession: NM_133487.3
exon count: 10CDS single in 3' UTR: no RNA size: 2302
ORF size: 1023CDS single in intron: no Alignment % ID: 100.00
txCdsPredict score: 2246.00frame shift in genome: no % Coverage: 100.00
has start codon: yes stop codon in genome: no # of Alignments: 1
has end codon: yes retained intron: no # AT/AC introns 0
selenocysteine: no end bleed into intron: 0# strange splices: 0
Click here for a detailed description of the fields of the table above.

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.