Description: Homo sapiens ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2), transcript variant 1, mRNA. RefSeq Summary (NM_001034): This gene encodes one of two non-identical subunits for ribonucleotide reductase. This reductase catalyzes the formation of deoxyribonucleotides from ribonucleotides. Synthesis of the encoded protein (M2) is regulated in a cell-cycle dependent fashion. Transcription from this gene can initiate from alternative promoters, which results in two isoforms that differ in the lengths of their N-termini. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 1 and X. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]. Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: hg19 chr2:10,262,695-10,271,546 Size: 8,852 Total Exon Count: 10 Strand: + Coding Region Position: hg19 chr2:10,262,746-10,269,513 Size: 6,768 Coding Exon Count: 10
ID:RIR2_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2; EC=1.17.4.1; AltName: Full=Ribonucleotide reductase small chain; AltName: Full=Ribonucleotide reductase small subunit; FUNCTION: Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides. Inhibits Wnt signaling. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H(2)O = ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin. COFACTOR: Binds 2 iron ions per subunit (By similarity). PATHWAY: Genetic information processing; DNA replication. SUBUNIT: Heterodimer of a large and a small subunit. INTERACTION: P41002:CCNF; NbExp=12; IntAct=EBI-2339245, EBI-1207574; Q9UM11:FZR1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-2339245, EBI-724997; P23921:RRM1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-2339245, EBI-717006; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. PTM: Phosphorylation on Ser-20 relieves the inhibitory effect on Wnt signaling. MISCELLANEOUS: Two distinct regulatory sites have been defined: the specificity site, which controls substrate specificity, and the activity site which regulates overall catalytic activity. A substrate-binding catalytic site, located on M1, is formed only in the presence of the second subunit M2. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase small chain family. WEB RESOURCE: Name=Wikipedia; Note=Ribonucleotide reductase entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonucleotide_reductase";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P31350
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
Molecular Function: GO:0004748 ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, thioredoxin disulfide as acceptor GO:0005515 protein binding GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity GO:0046872 metal ion binding
Biological Process: GO:0000083 regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle GO:0006260 DNA replication GO:0009263 deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0055114 oxidation-reduction process GO:0070317 negative regulation of G0 to G1 transition